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The aim of this version is to get even very young children to understand and take an interest in the main message of the text. Og fordi Josef var af Davids hus og slaegt, drog ogs han op fra op fra Galilaea, fra byen Nazaret, til Judaea, til Davids by, som hedder Betlehem. Modernity confirms the promise of scientific reason to unmask irrational forces and point to the way to necessary social change. (Alan Swingewood,Citation1998:140) Besides other functions, intralingual translation was used for constructing a nations vernacular. As we have seen above, Jakobsons definition of intralingual translation partly lies in its other name, rewording, and partly in the more explicit explanation offered by Jakobson: an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language. Maria og Josef gav ham navnet Jesus, sdan som englen havde sagt de skulle. 2002 indskrive p mandtalslisterne (register on the census), 2002 i den by, de stammede fra (in the town from which they came), 2002 svbte ham i et taeppe (wrapped him in a blanket), Everyday language instead of formal or archaic language, 1948 af Davids hus og slaegt (of Davids house and lineage), 2002 efterkommer af Kong David (decendants of King David), 1948 Og det skete medens, de var der, kom tiden, da hun skulle fde (And it happened, while they were there, came the time when she were to give birth), 2002 Da de nede frem til Betlehem, kom tidspunktet, da hun skulle fde (When they reached Bethlehem, came the time when she were to give birth), 1948 Og hun fdte sin sn, den frstefdte (And she gave birth to her son, the firstborn), 2002 Maria fik sit frste barn en dreng (Maria had her first child a boy), 2002 kroen (more contemporary word for an inn). The parameter of culture refers to the need to explain cultural references in a text which time or general background knowledge prevent the target group from understanding even though the languages involved are the same; this is the case in the everyday version and in the childrens versions. This line of thought was further elaborated by Steiner in 1975. Secondly and because of the purpose of simplification, the microstrategies applied in intralingual translation (the additions, omissions, restructuring, etc.) He does the best he can but is never satisfied. This relationship can take many forms and by no means rests on the concept of equivalence, but rather on the skopos of the target text. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. In spite of the highly influential texts of Jakobson and Steiner and in spite of their claim of close affinity between interlingual and intralingual translation, translation studies often excludes intralingual translation either deliberately or de facto. The picture Bible for very small children from 1991 is naturally very different from the 1948 authorised version, but in many ways resembles the family Bible for children from 1973 as regards explanations, explicitations, lexical and syntactical simplification, the addition of pictures as well as textual additions to enhance childrens comprehension of and interest in the text (with one exception though: all additions are factual, i.e., objective). What does intralingual mean? Case study results and discussion of results, http://www.seikilos.com.ar/TranslationDialogue.pdf. But our tongue lacks the economy of information packaging found in Tofa, a nearly extinct tongue I studied in Siberia. Furthermore, we will learn about the third category of int. It is a difference, but it is perhaps not as monumental as one might think. For the sake of comparison, a general description of intralingual translation and its characteristics on the basis of five different Danish versions of a section of the Bible and an analysis of the microstrategies employed in each version are proposed. Interlingual translation, or translation proper, is seen naturally enough also by translation scholars as the classic, prototypical kind of translation and many scholars even want to limit research to very restricted definitions of translation proper (Tymoczko 2005: 1096, footnote 3). (Jakobson, 1959:233) . Syntactical changes making the text more contemporary, 1948 Og fordi Josef var af Davids hus og slaegt, drog ogs han op fra, And because Joseph was of the house and lineage of David, also he went up from [], 1992 Ogs Josef drog op frafordi han var af Davids hus og slaegt, Also Joseph went up from because he was of the house and lineage of David [], 1948 Og det skete, medens de var der, kom tiden, da hun skulle fde, And it happened, while they were there, came the time, when she were to give birth, 1992 Og mens de var dr, kom tiden, da hun skulle fde, And while they were there, came the time, when she were to give birth. Registered in England & Wales No. Unlike the other versions, the New Testament in everyday Danish has a preface in which the translators explain their strategy: You cannot blindly translate from source language to target language without disturbing the original meaning. The examples analysed below also demonstrate that new methods for investigating intersemiotic translation are required: in this case, purpose-built software applications for text, image and video analysis are demonstrated to handle the complexity and multi-level nature of multimodal semiosis. This I think is a major setback as there seems to be much to gain theoretically as well as practically by looking for similarities and differences between the various kinds of translational activities carried out. Learn new skills with a flexible online course, Upskill with a series of specialist courses, Earn professional or academic accreditation, Study flexibly online as you build to a degree. However, despite Jakobsons classical definition, intralingual translation or rewording is extremely peripheral to translation studies, more so than it deserves, and the relationship between interlingual and intralingual translation is a neglected area of research, as is a thorough description of intralingual translation; it is next to impossible to find any relevant literature. . En thorie, la traductologie nexclut pas la traduction intralinguale, mais, dans les faits, les tudes empiriques ou les essais sur ce thme sont peu courantes. The target group is adults who prefer a traditional, formal version. These factors are: These four factors are not listed according to importance, as that depends on the kind of intralingual translation. The third function of intralingual translation, proposed by Xuanmin Luo at the Bogacizi conference in 2014, is the function of shaping a nations modernity, which is a structural concept dealing with the transformation of whole societies, ideologies, social structure and culture. An example could be a student who is asked to rewrite an essay and make it more formal, more academic. This meta-analysis examined the overall effectiveness of subtitles to enhance learners' L2. Once Jakobsons seminal text with its very broad philosophical and hermeneutic definition of translation has served its purpose of defining translation, authors quickly move on to the field of translation proper, or to the restricted area of translation proper which has their particular interest. However, despite Jakobson's classical definition, intralingual translation or rewording is extremely peripheral to translation studies, more so than it deserves, and the relationship between interlingual and intralingual translation is a neglected area of research, as is a thorough description of intralingual translation; titre de comparaison, il est propos une description gnrale de la traduction interlinguale et de ses caractristiques sur la base de cinq versions danoises diffrentes dune mme section de la Bible et dune analyse des micro-stratgies loeuvre dans chacune de ces versions. What they offer is a description of the fundamental activity of translation, but a description which relies on open concepts and which is therefore able and willing to include a whole range of examples, from the prototypical to the peripheral, depending on the distance in question from the prototypical definition of the concepts involved. However, in intralingual translation two codes are also involved; not the codes of national languages, but of different genres or target groups. for at lade sig indskrive tillige med Maria, sin trolovede, som var frugtsommelig. The next sections present a closer look at each of the parameters. The parameter of knowledge often involves interpretation (explicitation, explanation, addition) of information which may be objective (It can be very cold outside in the winter in Judaea []) or subjective (the political/feminist comments of the 1973 family Bible). Despite differences and diverse points of view among its participants, the conference was both provocative and productive. Learn more about how FutureLearn is transforming access to education. The etymology is from the Latin, translat-"carried across", "To translate, one must have a style of his own, for otherwise, the translation will have no rhythm or nuance, which come from the process of artistically thinking through and molding the sentences; they cannot be reconstituted by piecemeal imitation. the text to be translated is transformed into an interlingua, i.e., an abstract language-independent representation. This parameter centres around the ability of comprehension of the target group, i.e., the target groups general ability to understand a text, its level of general background knowledge or its level of expertise (or lack of) in connection with a specific subject. The analyses on which this article is based were carried out on a limited number of texts and the characteristics found cannot necessarily be generalised to all kinds of intralingual translation. Korning Many of the strategies used to create the different Bible versions are common within translation proper as well this applies to strategies such as omission, objective addition, explicitation, restructuring and paraphrase. If we regard translation as a cluster concept, i.e., as an open concept, our requirements for category membership do not take the form of necessary conditions, but family resemblances; sometimes overall similarities, sometimes similarities of detail which overlap and criss-cross (Wittgenstein 1953/1958: section 66-67) in the same way as resemblances between members of a family. P-nr: 1013139411, EAN-nr: 5798000418363 Viborg: Det Danske Bibelselskab. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. [] and then the bed was as soft and as clean as you could ask for. The productive function of translation, which creates new meanings alongside transferring them from the source text, is also evident in the third type of translation outlined by Roman Jakobson: intersemiotic translation, or translation between media or sign systems. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below: Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content? There he was, warm and comfortable like his mother in the stall. Intralingual translations instigated by the parameter of space (reducing/extending translations) are typically various kinds of summarizing (such as prcis-writing, shortened versions of classical texts such as easy-readers, news reporting or subtitling for the deaf (Snell-Hornby 2006: 21) or extension/addition, which is typically seen when explanation is needed due to comprehension limits in the target group caused by time, culture or lack of knowledge. to make it more authoritative. In this article, Dr C. Marinetti discusses translation within the same language and between sign systems, and the creative function of translation. (Yang Zijian, Citation2005:62). Though the Danish 1948 version has not been translated from King James, but from Greek, it reads as an almost direct translation thereof (92 words): Og alle gik hen for at lade sig indskrive, hver til sin by. It was very uncomfortable for them to travel as Maria was soon to give birth; but of course those in power do not ask about such things. To Steiner, translation proper is seen as a heightened case of the process of communication and reception, but he also claims that the linguistic problems implicit in interlingual translation are already implicit in all intralingual discourse (Steiner 1975: 260-261, 414) a view reflected by Even-Zohar in 1990 when discussing the mechanism of transfer (see also Weissbrod 2004: 24; Shuttleworth 1997: 88). However, it is suggested that the de facto degree of freedom is larger in intralingual translation than in most instances of translation proper. Intralingual Translation: An Attempt at Description. It is not a shame for a translator in so doing; instead, this process indicates expertise, sincerity, and responsibility. With the ulterior motive of putting intralingual translation (back?) Arguing against the classical theory of categorisation, which involves shared properties as conditions for category membership, strictly objective conditions for category membership and clear boundaries between categories, i.e., no borderline cases (in logic the specification of necessary and/or sufficient conditions is used to determine category membership, to provide precise definitions), Wittgenstein introduced the very pragmatic and empirically-based (that is, not on formal logic) open concept of family resemblances (also called the cluster concept) and argued that this is what unites the category of game, for instance (Wittgenstein 1953/1958: section 66-67). Bringing together insights from translation studies, stylistics, multimodality and publishing practices, Pillire convincingly shows the need for translation studies to move beyond the linguistic text and to consider the book as the product of a collaborative enterprise. BibTeX, JabRef, Mendeley, Zotero, Intralingual Translation: An Attempt at Description, Volume 54, Number 4, dcembre 2009, pp. Dr. Richard Nordquist is professor emeritus of rhetoric and English at Georgia Southern University and the author of several university-level grammar and composition textbooks. Presumably more than one factor will have an impact in any given instance of intralingual translation and the boundaries between the factors are far from watertight in this article, the categories have been used solely for explanatory purposes and they can, with no doubt, be further developed or regrouped. I *play the internet. 13 In it, and more specifically, in the part of the book devoted to the theory and methodology of translation, Kakridis discussed intralingual translation and its attendant problems . The source texts in this case can be a classic text, or On the basis of the above, I therefore encourage translation scholars to carry out research within the field. In my view, translators are excellently equipped to carry out this kind of intralingual translation because of the many similarities with interlingual translation. ThoughtCo, Aug. 28, 2020, thoughtco.com/translation-language-1692560.