If cell changes indicate a problem, your provider will select the best treatment based on the affected body area. Therefore, the presence of these two cell types on the pap smear simply means that the sample is an adequate one for ruling out the presence of cancer or a precancerous lesion. Adherence to the mediterranean diet and inflammatory markers. Yes. Can a doctor tell if a tumor is cancerous by looking at it? That is why reflux is considered a risk factor for cancer of the esophagus. Healthcare providers screen for cervical cancers using Pap smears to check for changes to cervical and endocervical cells and HPV tests to detect if youve had prior exposure. Get your cholesterol tested. Squamous metaplasia may be: Nonkeratinizing squamous metaplasia is a noncancerous condition. Research. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. This blood then passes through the digestive tract, which may turn the stool black. HPV is the most common sexually transmitted disease (STD). Panahi Y, et al. The inner lining of the esophagus is known as the mucosa. Leung KM, et al. This causes certain changes that the pathologist can see under the microscope. Cervical squamous metaplasia may develop into cervical dysplasia (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia). Help us end cancer as we know it,for everyone. Sign up to get tips for living a healthy lifestyle, with ways to fight inflammation and improve cognitive health, plus the latest advances in preventative medicine, diet and exercise, pain relief, blood pressure and cholesterol management, andmore. "It's a chicken-and-egg scenario," says Dr. Shmerling. The squamous mucous membrane is devoid of hair and other cutaneous appendages and does not keratinize. (2019). "These foods can spike blood sugar levels, which can lead to overeating and weight gain," says Dr. Shmerling. Become a volunteer, make a tax-deductible donation, or participate in a fundraising event to help us save lives. Oral submucous fibrosis is a chronic debilitating disease of the oral cavity characterized by inflammation and progressive fibrosis of the submucosal tissues (lamina propria and deeper connective tissues). Since many of these tumors are small and asymptomatic, few benign esophageal lesions attract clinical attention. Chronic inflammation plays a central role in some of the most challenging diseases of our time, including rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, heart disease, diabetes, asthma, and even Alzheimers. A, Normal squamous mucosa shows basal and suprabasal cells that involve less than 15% of the thickness of the epithelium.The lamina propria papillae involve approximately 50% of the thickness of the epithelium. Research Projects included: recombinant attenuated pathogenic . In the case of acute inflammation like getting a cut on your knee or dealing with a cold the whole process usually lasts for a few hours or a few days. While it is recognized that oral chronic inflammation is associated with a variety of systemic conditions, the mechanisms by which this heightened state, primes immune memory and then affects the onset and progress of mucosal diseases of the oral cavity is less clear. The saying "too much of a good thing" applies to much of life, but especially to inflammation. 1a : covered with or consisting of scales : scaly. Your doctor may ask that your biopsy slides be sent to another pathologist for a second opinion concerning the cells on your slides. Biopsy specimens were obtained from gastric antrum and corpus, immediately distal to normal-appearing squamocolumnar junction and distal esophagus. It occurs more often in men than in women (3:1 ratio) and is more common in . In women with HPV, squamous metaplasia raises the risk of cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer. "Prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus in carcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia of the vulva, vagina and anus: a meta-analysis". "It's telling you that something bigger is going on that requires attention.". The pathologist sends your doctor a report that gives a diagnosis for each sample taken. Welcome to the UIC Department of Pathology. We're improving the lives of cancer patients and their families through advocacy, research, and patient support to ensure that everyone has an opportunity to prevent, detect, treat, and survive cancer. There is mild nuclear enlargement and intracellular edema. It can cause heartburn.). We avoid using tertiary references. Its also important to follow recommended screening guidelines, which can help detect certain cancers early. Am I at risk for cancer? History of skin cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or melanoma. The phrase squamous metaplastic cells present means that the pathologist who examined your Pap smear found cells that were growing and repairing themselves regularly. In the context of plasminogen deficiency, commensal organisms trigger extravascular fibrin deposition in the oral mucosa, leading to tissue damage and chronic inflammation6. Overall, one to three dilations are sufficient to relieve dysphagia in simple strictures. The Best Diets for Cognitive Fitness, is yours absolutely FREE when you sign up to receive Health Alerts from Harvard Medical School. The 2023 edition of ICD-10-CM N76.89 became effective on October 1, 2022. (webpathology.com), http://pathologyoutlines.com/vulva.html#bartholincyst, http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/committees/cancer/cancer_protocols/2011/Vulva_11protocol.pdf, https://librepathology.org/w/index.php?title=Vulva&oldid=42956, Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International. (2016). It means that your biopsy showed Barretts esophagus that contains some cells that are abnormal, but not abnormal enough to consider them dysplasia. The epithelial component is not significantly thickened but contains rare intraepithelial lymphocytes and has minimal edema. The mucosal lining of the "gastric cardia" is highly variable, and only infrequently consists of cardiac mucosa in endoscopically normal patients . It wont become cancerous. Therefore, we used PacBio . (2020). Regarded as a form of atrophy (postmenopausal squamous atypia) Squamous cell carcinoma : Confused with squamous metaplasia extending into preexisting endocervical glands. Parhi L, Alon-Maimon T, Sol A, Nejman D, Shhadeh A, Fainsod-Levi T, Yajuk O, Isaacson B, Abed J, Maalouf N, Nissan A, Sandbank J, Yehuda-Shnaidman E, Ponath F, Vogel J, Mandelboim O, Granot Z, Straussman R, Bachrach G. Desai S, Dharavath B, Manavalan S, Rane A, Redhu AK, Sunder R, Butle A, Mishra R, Joshi A, Togar T, Apte S, Bala P, Chandrani P, Chopra S, Bashyam MD, Banerjee A, Prabhash K, Nair S, Dutt A. Haaheim LR, Halse AK, Kvakestad R, Stern B, Normann O, Jonsson R. Silva LM, Doyle AD, Greenwell-Wild T, Dutzan N, Tran CL, Abusleme L, Juang LJ, Leung J, Chun EM, Lum AG, Agler CS, Zuazo CE, Sibree M, Jani P, Kram V, Martin D, Moss K, Lionakis MS, Castellino FJ, Kastrup CJ, Flick MJ, Divaris K, Bugge TH, Moutsopoulos NM. Elisia I, et al. Study Resources. The American Cancer Society is now recommending an HPV test over a Pap smear every 5 years up to age 65 for cervical cancer screening. This is a more advanced pre-cancer of the esophagus than low-grade dysplasia. . Thickened squamous cell layer: Psoriasiform hyperplasia: Regular acanthosis, with elongation of rete ridges, as seen in chronic plaque psoriasis: . No mitotic figures are readily apparent. This process usually takes many years to happen. If you feel like youre experiencing some of the common symptoms of chronic inflammation, its a good idea to speak with your doctor. Smatti MK, Cyprian FS, Nasrallah GK, Al Thani AA, Almishal RO, Yassine HM. (2021). Squamous cells are flat cells that look similar to fish scales when viewed under the microscope. The goal is to recognize when inflammation is simply doing its job, and when it can potentially cause problems. Common symptoms of chronic inflammation include: These symptoms can range from mild to severe and last for several months or years. All rights reserved. The irregular cells could also be due to other inflammatory or noncancerous changes of the cervix that will likely resolve on their own. Tax ID Number: 13-1788491. The epithelium has no atypia. The esophagus is a tubular organ that connects the mouth to the stomach. Specimens from ESD were stained with Lugo's iodine to classify unstained tumour tissues and deeply stained paratumour epithelial mucosa. It can cause heartburn.). This process works the same if you have a virus like a cold or the flu. Reflux most commonly causes reactive changes in the lining of the esophagus. Biopsy showing (A) squamous mucosa with acute inflammation and reactive cellular changes that includes parakeratosis and fibrinopurulent exudate indicative of esophageal erosion (hematoxylin. Palliative care frightens some people: Heres how it helps, Parents don't always realize that their teen is suicidal. Studies exploring the onset or progression of oral diseases due to chronicity of inflammation represent a distinct gap in the NIDCR portfolio. Abnormal cervical cancer screening test results. chronic inflammatory response, hormonal dysfunctions, or compensation for damage or disease elsewhere. The bladder mucosa on the base of the fungus ball exhibited chronic inflammation, squamous metaplasia and hyperkeratosis (Fig. All of these are linked to the development of several diseases, including: There are no real tests to diagnose inflammation on its own. At later stages, esophageal cancer can be treated but rarely can be cured. (Negative for gastric mucosa or intestinalized (Barrett's) mucosa.) For instance, cut back or eliminate foods high in simple sugars like soda, fruit juices with added sugars, sports drinks, processed meat, and refined carbs like white bread and pasta. However, the presence of squamous metaplastic cells in your Pap test results doesnt automatically mean cancer. Last Update: Jan 03, 2023. Nasef NA, et al. When the stomach gets infected with this bacteria, it can cause problems like gastritis (irritation of the stomach) and stomach ulcers. Acute inflammation often causes noticeable symptoms, like pain, redness, or swelling. The presence of squamous metaplasia and dysplasia on the mucosal surface of nasal polyps (NPs) represents different manifestations of epithelial atypia. We can also help you find other free or low-cost resources available. The most common symptoms of esophageal cancer are: The lining (epithelium) of the esophagus down to the lower esophageal sphincter is normally squamous. Whether you or someone you love has cancer, knowing what to expect can help you cope. FSPs are composed of two components, including squamous mucosa with minimal acanthosis and underlying loose to compact stromal tissue, often with distinctive stellate or multinucleate cells showing fibroblastic and myofibroblastic differentiation.19 Various degrees of inflammation are present, depending on the degree of trauma to the polyp. This inflammation of your cervix doesnt always cause symptoms. Chronic inflammation is trickier to deal with. Vomiting. What does squamous mucosa mean? How does diet impact chronic inflammation? Pap smear guidelines change often, and your doctor can let you know if and when you need a Pap smear or other gynecological testing. Together, were making a difference and you can, too. Squamous hyperplasia with elongated papillae, expansion of the basal zone to approximately 10-15% of the mucosal thickness, intercellular edema, and swollen and/or multinucleated squamous. Still, the process that is causing the reactive changes needs to be treated so that the esophagus can heal and the lining can go back to normal. A colposcopy allows a doctor to examine your cervix under magnification using a colposcope, which is a microscope with a bright light. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. Unlike normal colonic mucosa, however, inflamed colonic mucosa demonstrates abnormalities in various molecular pathways before histologic evidence of dysplasia or cancer. You may want to ask your healthcare provider: Squamous metaplasia is a noncancerous change in the cells that make up the tissue lining for organs and glands (epithelium). This is a very early form of pre-cancer of the esophagus. This is a question our experts keep getting from time to time. The presence of multilayered (hybrid) epithelium 4. Esophageal cancer most often occurs in the cells that line the inside of the esophagus. Inflammation: The common pathway of stress-related diseases. Reyes, MC. Undermining cardiac glands below the squamous epithelium (that can also be seen in treated GERD) 3. A 2017 study in Brain, Behavior, and Immunity found that just 20 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise (in this case, walking on a treadmill) can have an anti-inflammatory effect. Lipoic acid: Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role and clinical applications. The American Cancer Society is a qualified 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization. Anti-inflammatory diet do's and don'ts. Weve invested more than $5 billion in cancer research since 1946, all to find more and better treatments, uncover factors that may cause cancer, and improve cancer patients quality of life. When cervical screening test results are abnormal. Histologically, squamous mucosa may be in direct continuity with: 1. Chemicals (for example, medications). Squamous differentiation, defined by the presence of intercellular bridges or keratinization, occurs in up to 20% of urothelial carcinomas (2,3). Which Is More Stable Thiophene Or Pyridine? Most of the esophagus is lined by squamous mucosa. Reactive changes do not mean that you will get cancer. Chronic inflammation can increase your risk of several serious diseases. Oral submucous fibrosis results in marked rigidity and an eventual inability to open the mouth. 27th Ed. Glandular differentiation is less common than squamous differentiation (4,5). (2017). At this point, hair follicles, sweat glands, and apocrine glands are detected. In addition, some cases of chronic inflammation dont have a clear underlying cause. Get useful, helpful and relevant health + wellness information, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 |, Important Updates + Notice of Vendor Data Event. . Male gender: Men are more likely to develop BCC. Hoarseness. A variety of foods are known to have anti-inflammatory properties. The Pap test: Cervical changes and further testing. When this happens, white blood cells may end up attacking nearby healthy tissues and organs. We avoid using tertiary references. In rare cases, severe and untreated esophageal strictures can cause perforations (small rips), which can be life-threatening. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. These factors may increase your risk for developing certain types: Symptoms of squamous metaplasia vary depending on the affected area. Exploring the relationship of microbially induced chronic inflammation and onset and/or progression of oral related cancers and the understanding of the immune-oncology-microbiome axis. 118 Similar to its cervical counterpart, ACIN has been identified in anal mucosa adjacent to invasive carcinomas of the anal canal, as well as as an incidental finding in resection specimens from this region.119 Its The American Cancer Society offers programs and services to help you during and after cancer treatment. Your doctor may use long plastic or rubber cylinders of different sizes to open the stricture, or a balloon dilator may also be inflated to accomplish the same thing. This common cell change doesnt increase cancer risk. Is esophageal stricture life threatening? Chronic Inflammation of the Oral Cavity - An Agent for Oral Mucosal Disease, Internships, Fellowships, & Training Grants, Serum antibodies from patients with primary Sjgren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus recognize multiple epitopes on the La(SS-B) autoantigen resembling viral protein sequences, The role of Epstein-Barr virus infection in primary Sjgren's syndrome, Fibrin is a critical regulator of neutrophil effector function at the oral mucosal barrier, Viruses and Autoimmunity: A Review on the Potential Interaction and Molecular Mechanisms, The SARS-CoV-2 as an instrumental trigger of autoimmunity, Implication of Epstein-Barr virus infection in disease-specific autoreactive B cell activation in ectopic lymphoid structures of Sjgren's syndrome, H1N1 vaccination in Sjgren's syndrome triggers polyclonal B cell activation and promotes autoantibody production, Viral antigens elicit augmented immune responses in primary Sjgren's syndrome. Below are some of the resources we provide. "People think inflammation needs to be stomped out at all times, but it plays an essential role in healing and injury repair to keep your body safe and healthy," says Dr. Robert H. Shmerling, medical editor of Understanding Inflammation from Harvard Health Publishing and an associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. Panahi Y, et al. (2012). Computed tomography (CT) scan for esophageal cancer uses X-ray images to present detailed images of the esophagus and surrounding tissues. "Otherwise, it is usually best to let the inflammation do its work to help with healing," says Dr. Shmerling. Division of Extramural Research. How Much Does Dehumidifier Help Cool A Room? Dr. Charles Whiting answered Obstetrics and Gynecology 29 years experience Doctor Speak: There is nothing scary in those results. PLUS, the latest news on medical advances and breakthroughs from Harvard Medical School experts. Developing treatments and therapeutic approaches for chronic inflammation focused on functional endpoints in the oral cavity. Please note the date of last review or update on all articles. Squamous metaplasia refers to noncancerous (benign) changes in squamous cells in your epithelium. The nuclear membranes are regular. Hidradenoma papilliferum. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Mucosal Immunology (inflammation, immunity, tolerance) under the direction of Dr. Jerry McGhee. Kostic AD, Chun E, Robertson L, Glickman JN, Gallini CA, Michaud M, Clancy TE, Chung DC, Lochhead P, Hold GL, El-Omar EM, Brenner D, Fuchs CS, Meyerson M, Garrett WS. The longer you are overweight, the longer your body can remain in a state of inflammation. As this pattern continues, the skin becomes excoriated, or worn down. Sign up now and get a FREE copy of theBest Diets for Cognitive Fitness. Only 2535 % of patients require additional sessions, with a maximum of five dilations in more than 95 % of patients . Last medically reviewed on August 19, 2021. Weight loss. The most common symptoms of esophageal cancer are: Trouble swallowing. Strand V, et al. Some of the options thatve been explored for managing inflammation include: What you eat can play both a positive and negative role in managing chronic inflammation. Weve invested more than $5 billion in cancer research since 1946, all to find more and better treatments, uncover factors that may cause cancer, and improve cancer patients quality of life. A number of things, including chronic reflux (regurgitation) of stomach contents up into the esophagus, trauma from taking medicines, and infections can injure the squamous lining of the esophagus. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. If your Pap smear results doshow that endocervical cells are present, it means that your test included cells from your endocervix as part of the sample examined under a microscope. We couldnt do what we do without our volunteers and donors. If any changes in the cells consistent with cancer had been . A specialist (pathologist) examines these cells under a microscope for signs of cell changes or disease. This report will examine the role that chronic inflammation plays in these conditions, and will also provide information on the breadth of drugs currently available to alleviate symptoms. We'll discuss the recommendations. We explored the changes of intestinal mucosal microbiota in hypertensive rats induced by high-salt diet and the potential link between the intestinal mucosal microbiota and inflammation in rats. When goblet cells are found in a place where they are not supposed to be, like the lining of the esophagus, it is called intestinal metaplasia. Examples include all types of berries, cherries, plums, red grapes, onions, turmeric, green tea, and dark green leafy vegetables like spinach and kale. It may be a noncancerous or precancerous condition. Your doctor can perform, Research shows that your diet is the best way to support your skin, so we compiled a list of anti-aging foods to help plump your skin from the inside. Usually, the appearance of the disease occurs asymptomatically in the early stages, and it is called an "endoscopic . In this article, we take a look at squamous and endocervical cells and what they mean on a Pap smear test result. The most common benign chronic white lesions are pseudomembranous candidiasis, erythema migrans, morsicatio buccarum, linea alba, leukoedema, and lichen planus. The most common typerepresenting about 70 percent of benign tumorsis leiomyoma, which forms in the muscle. Endocervical cells are mucus-producing glandular cells located within the inner cervix (endocervix). Ulcerative colitis causes inflammation only in the innermost layer, and the damage is more continuous without the patches seen in Crohn's disease. Shows significant nuclear abnormalities. Goblet cells normally line the intestines, not the esophagus. Many patients need more than one dilation over time to keep the esophagus wide enough for food to pass through. People with high-grade dysplasia in Barretts esophagus have a high risk of getting esophagus cancer. This series of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) was developed by the Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology to help patients and their families better understand what their pathology report means. The nuclear membranes are regular. The toxins from smoking have a direct link to inflammation. The cells showed irritation and "reparative changes" - in other words, they are busy healing and repairing themselves from whatever is irritating them. Why annual Pap smears are history but routine OB-GYN visits are not. (2018). [7], Differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia. This makes them easy to overlook. However, in Barretts esophagus, columnar epithelium extends to varying degree up into the esophageal body. curetting:benign endocerv. More than 8 in 10 people of childbearing age have it, as do 3 in 4 people in menopause. What Is The Average Cost Of Lively Hearing Aids? Moura FA, et al. Vitamin A deficiency can cause squamous metaplasia in your airways. Squamous metaplasia refers to noncancerous (benign) changes in squamous cells in your epithelium. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is another blood test for inflammation. Cyst with squamous or urothelial epithelium. The questions and answers that follow are meant to help you understand medical language you might find in the pathology report from your biopsy. The . Most people have nonkeratinizing cervical squamous metaplasia. The American Cancer Society offers programs and services to help you during and after cancer treatment. What does it take to outsmart cancer? Chronic inflammation happens when this response lingers, leaving your body in a constant state of alert. Learn more about why this happens and what comes next. When it comes to reporting Pap smear test results, most medical professionals will either tell you that your results were standard or that you may need to undergo further testing to confirm possible irregularities. Fair skin: People with fair skin have an increased risk. Goblet cells normally line the intestines, not the esophagus. When your esophagus was biopsied with an endoscope, the samples taken were studied under the microscope by a specialized doctor with many years of training called a pathologist. Is squamous cell carcinoma in esophagus curable? Age over 50: Most BCCs appear in people over age 50. Some of the common causes of cervical inflammation are: Bacteria (from an infection), yeast or monilia infections, or trichomonas infections. We explain how to decide if you should have a pap test on, Treatments options for cervical cancer include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and newer drugs. Often, people with these changes have a lot of reflux, which irritates the cells in the esophagus so that the cells look abnormal under the microscope. The most common cause of infection is the bacteria Helicobacter pylori (also known as justH. pylori). In the last 6 years, more than 35 faculty members have joined us, and we continue to expand. Theyll know the first steps to take when it comes to a diagnosis. On the other hand, if any irregularities are found, your doctor will likely order further testing. BONUS! With some patients, choking on food also occurs. This series of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) was developed by the Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology to help patients and their families better understand what their pathology report means. An individualized treatment plan is based on various. It may be easier to understand this condition when you break down its meaning: Healthcare providers classify squamous metaplasia by how these cells change. In those areas they found "fragments of endocervical and squamous mucosa with marked chronic active inflammation, reparative and reactive changes." Sounds scary, but its actually harmless. 10, 11 A total of 164 715 cells and single-cell transcriptome data were generated by single-cell transcriptome sequencing of tumour tissues, paired paratumour epithelial mucosa and corresponding peripheral . Obesity and inflammation: The linking mechanism and the complications. Synonym(s): epidermalization. Our Department has benefited from unprecedented growth. Susceptibility to chronic inflammation: An update. Hyperkeratotic But when it becomes chronic, its important to try to get it under control to reduce your risk of long-term damage. The esophagus reacts to the injury and tries to repair itself. Become a volunteer, make a tax-deductible donation, or participate in a fundraising event to help us save lives. Sureda A, et al. However, certain foods are associated with either promoting or inhibiting the inflammatory response. Or they may diagnose you with a condition that often accompanies chronic inflammation, like rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes, or another autoimmune issue. If your doctor recommends further testing, its helpful to understand what your Pap test results show so that you can have an informed discussion with your doctor. Is it normal to have squamous cells in the esophagus? Inflammation refers to your bodys process of fighting against things that harm it, like infections, injuries, and toxins, in an attempt to heal itself. You may not need treatment for cervical radiculopathy. Depth of invasion = epithelial-stromal junction in "valley" of papillae. The effect of smoking on chronic inflammation, immune function and blood cell composition. Squamous epithelial cells are a type of flat cell found throughout the body, including in the mouth, on the lips, and on the cervix. The following foods have been known to increase inflammation in some people: If youre trying to reduce chronic inflammation, your doctor may recommend you reduce your intake of these foods. It is called squamous mucosa when the top layer is made up of squamous cells. Making Strides Against Breast Cancer Walks, ACS Center for Diversity in Research Training, Understanding Your Pathology Report: Barretts Esophagus (With or Without Dysplasia), Understanding Your Pathology Report: Esophagus With Reactive or Reflux Changes, Not Including Barretts Esophagus, Understanding Your Pathology Report: Esophagus Carcinoma (With or Without Barretts). chronic inflammatory response, hormonal dysfunctions, or compensation for damage or disease elsewhere. Is squamous mucosa normal? Follow-up schedules can vary, though, so you should discuss what is best for you with your doctor. Most of the esophagus is lined by squamous mucosa. Help us end cancer as we know it,for everyone. Over time, this can lead to DNA damage, tissue death, and internal scarring. Pap smears shouldnt hurt. Carditis at the Z-line was focal in 49% of the specimens and was always present adjacent to the squamous epithelium. For example, this chronic inflammatory state can lead to shifts in the commensal microbiota that may play a role in carcinogenesis. No mitotic activity is readily apparent. This layer can be seen using colonoscopy. The problem is that chronic inflammation is often "invisible," since it does not show telltale physical signs the way acute inflammation does. Information in this report will be used to help manage your care. This response includes the release of antibodies and proteins, as well as increased blood flow to the damaged area. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of curcuminoid-piperine combination in subjects with metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled trial and an updated meta-analysis. Stratified squamous epithelium with maturation. An official website of the United States government. Biopsy:cervical squamous mucosa w/ reactive epithelial changes and hyperkeratosis.endocerv. The epithelium is a thin tissue that lines glands and organs, including your skin. It is called squamous mucosa when the top layer is made up of squamous. "It's the same with inflammation," says Dr. Shmerling. ICD-10-CM Coding Rules